Happy 100th Birthday, Professor Hofman!

by Obit the Second Wed Apr 30, 2008 19:25

On Monday may the 19th 1943 at the Sandoz Lab in Basle Professor Hofman injested
0.25mg of the substance- Lyserg-saure-diathylamid , (LSD- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LSD)
and the day became known as 'Bicycle Day'. (cos he rode 21/2 miles out of his head on
the drug).

There are many less synthesised drugs available naturally that have a similar effect.
The drug abuse that stemmed from the effect of the 'testing' incident was rationalised
by Hofman thusly:

"I produced the substance as a medicine, it's not my fault if the people abused it'

Hoffman had a heart attack , age 102.

RIP

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Hofman
http://www.indymedia.ie/openwire?search_text=obit&x=19&y=15

Albert Hofman , chemist (and experimenter) , born 11th January 1906, died April 29th 2008.

Albert Hofman 1906-2008

by o as if Wed Jan 11, 2006 22:30

who today have endured in addition to the usual trolls my attempts at humour as we mark the 100th day of life of Professor Albert Hofman the founder of childrens' TV and inventor of the kaleidoscope.

In addition to silly comments, I have also left with a disclaimer precise instructions on how U2 can make LSD25.

And now I'm going to make a serious comment.

We mostly don't live to 100, but thanks to medical and scientific advances certain socio-economic classes are increasingly more confident of living to 100. Previously centenarians were almost exclusively female, and concentrated in small climate zones. In Europe these were found on the Mediterranean or to the east in the Caucus mountain region, and globally on the Pacific rim. Research suggests but has not proved that while there is yet no "magical recipe" to guarantee longevity, there are simple things one can do. Surprisingly amongst them are included such tips are;
* do not to become a regular user of crack cocaine.
* eat a balanced diet, but at between 30% and 40% of "average carbohydrate intake".
* do not drive fast cars, motorbikes or operate heavy machinery.
* Please someone very powerful and get tippy toppy medical care.
* Be very scared of dying or death whichever way you look at it/them.


We do not know what life has been like for Albert Hofman save that he has never properly condemned himself for countless bad trips, and has never explained why he such a revered scientist, broke scientific method. In fact as I close this "Hofman special metablog abuse of the comments and facilities" I just want you to ponder this-

¿Why did Hofman take the drug?

(simple version)

Why did dip his finger in the sample? How many undergraduates, children at secondary level education, lab technicians since have spoilt thier research by "trying it"? How many would go on getting serious jobs? Someone was very grateful to Albert.

which leads me to denounce the man as a fraud. & thats what counter-culture is all about. Love you. shrums on top. Iosaf

by Kinetic Jesus posters Wed Jan 11, 2006 15:14

Please note that the manufacture, preparation and distribution of LSD 25 is illegal unless you have a license.
You can get a license from your local university department of psychiatry, neurology or pharmacology as long as you satisify the very strict requirements that you're not going to go dump the stuff in a local reservoir.-

[D-lysergic acid diethylamide](LSD)

Preparatory arrangements:
Starting material may be any lysergic acid derivative, from ergot on rye grain or from culture, or from synthetic sources. Preparation #1 uses any amide, or lysergic acid as starting material. Preparations #2 and #3 must start with lysergic acid only, prepared from the amides as follows:

10 g of any lysergic acid amide from various natural sources dissolved in 200 ml of methanolic KOH solution and the methanol removed immediately in vacuo. The residue is treated with 200 ml of an 8% aqueous solution of KOH and the mixture heated on a steam bath for one hour. A stream of nitrogen gas is passed through the flask during heating and the evolved NH3 gas may be titrated is HCl to follow the reaction. The alkaline solution is made neutral to congo red with tartaric acid, filtered, cleaned by extraction with ether, the aqueous solution filtered and evaporated. Digest with MeOH to remove some of the coloured material from the crystals of lysergic acid.

Arrange the lighting in the lab similarly to that of a dark room. Use photographic red and yellow safety lights, as lysergic acid derivatives are decomposed when light is present. Rubber gloves must be worn due to the highly poisonous nature of ergot alkaloids. A hair drier, or, better, a flash evaporator, is necessary to speed up steps where evaporation is necessary.


Preparation #1

Step I. Use Yellow light
Place one volume of powdered ergot alkaloid material in a tiny roundbottom flask and add two volumes of anhydrous hydrazine. An alternate procedure uses a sealed tube in which the reagents are heated at 112 C. The mixture is refluxed (or heated) for 30 minutes. Add 1.5 volumes of H2O and boil 15 minutes. On cooling in the refrigerator, isolysergic acid hydrazide is crystallised.


Step II. Use Red light
Chill all reagents and have ice handy. Dissolve 2.82 g hydrazine rapidly in 100 ml 0.1 N ice-cold HCl using an ice bath to keep the reaction vessel at 0 C. 100 ml ice-cold 0.1 N NaNO2 is added and after 2 to 3 minutes vigorous stirring, 130 ml more HCl is added dropwise with vigorous stirring again in an ice bath. After 5 minutes, neutralise the solution with NaHCO3 saturated sol. and extract with ether. Remove the aqueous solution and try to dissolve the gummy substance in ether. Adjust the ether solution by adding 3 g diethylamine per 300 ml ether extract. Allow to stand in the dark, gradually warming up to 20 C over a period of 24 hours. Evaporate in vacuum and treat as indicated in the purification section for conversion of iso-lysergic amides to lysergic acid amides.


Preparation #2

Step I. Use Yellow light
5.36 g of d-lysergic acid are suspended in 125 ml of acetonitrile and the suspension cooled to about -20 C in a bath of acetone cooled with dry ice. To the suspension is added a cold (-20 C) solution of 8.82 g of trifluoroacetic anhydride in 75 ml of acetonitrile. The mixture is allowed to stand at -20 C for about 1.5 hours during which the suspended material dissolves, and the d-lysergic acid is converted to the mixed anhydride of lysergic and trifluoroacetic acids. The mixed anhydride can be separated in the form of an oil by evaporating the solvent in vacuo at a temperature below 0 C, but this is not necessary. Everything must be kept anhydrous.


Step II. Use Yellow light
The solution of mixed anhydrides in acetonitrile from Step I is added to 150 ml of a second solution of acetonitrile containing 7.6 g of diethylamine. The mixture is held in the dark at room temperature for about 2 hours. The acetonitrile is evaporated in vacuo, leaving a residue of LSD-25 plus other impurities. The residue is dissolved in 150 ml of chloroform and 20 ml of ice water. The chloroform layer is removed and the aqueous layer is extracted with several portions of chloroform. The chloroform portions are combined and in turn washed with four 50 ml portions of ice-cold water. The chloroform solution is then dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and evaporated in vacuo.


Preparation #3
This procedure gives good yield and is very fast with little iso-lysergic acid being formed (its effect are mildly unpleasant). However, the stoichometry must be exact or yields will drop.


Step I. Use White light
Sulfur trioxide is produced in anhydrous state by carefully decomposing anhydrous ferric sulfate at approximately 480 C. Store under anhydrous conditions.


Step II. Use White light
A carefully dried 22 litre RB flask fitted with an ice bath, condenser, dropping funnel and mechanical stirrer is charged with 10 to 11 litres of dimethylformamide (freshly distilled under reduced pressure). The condenser and dropping funnel are both protected against atmospheric moisture. 2 lb of sulfur trioxide (Sulfan B) are introduced dropwise, very cautiously stirring, during 4 to 5 hours. The temperature is kept at 0-5 C throughout the addition. After the addition is complete, the mixture is stirred for 1-2 hours until some separated, crystalline sulfur trioxide-dimethylformamide complex has dissolved. The reagent is transferred to an air- tight automatic pipette for convenient dispensing, and kept in the cold. Although the reagent, which is colourless, may change from yellow to red, its efficiency remains unimpaired for three to four months in cold storage. An aliquot is dissolved in water and titrated with standard NaOH to a phenolphthalein end point.


Step III. Use Red light
A solution of 7.15 g of d-lysergic acid mono hydrate (25 mmol) and 1.06 g of lithium hydroxide hydrate (25 mmol) in 200 ml of MeOH is prepared. The solvent is distilled on the steam bath under reduced pressure. the residue of glass-like lithium lysergate is dissolved in 400 ml of anhydrous dimethyl formamide. From this solution about 200 ml of the dimethyl formamide is distilled off at 15 ml pressure through a 12 inch helices packed column. the resulting anhydrous solution of lithium lysergate left behind is cooled to 0 C and, with stirring, treated rapidly with 500 ml of SO3-DMF solution (1.00 molar). The mixture is stirred in the cold for 10 minutes and then 9.14 g (125.0 mmol) of diethylamine is added. The stirring and cooling are continued for 10 minutes longer, when 400 ml of water is added to decompose the reaction complex. After mixing thoroughly, 200 ml of saturated aqueous saline solution is added. The amide product is isolated by repeated extraction with 500 ml portions of ethylene dichloride. the combined extract is dried and then concentrated to a syrup under reduced pressure. Do not heat up the syrup during concentration. the LSD may crystallise out, but the crystals and the mother liquor may be chromatographed according to the instructions on purification.


Purification of LSD-25
The material obtained by any of these three preparations may contain both lysergic acid and iso-lysergic acid amides. Preparation #1 contains mostly iso-lysergic diethylamide and must be converted prior to separation. For this material, go to Step II first.


Step I. Use darkroom and follow with a long wave UV
The material is dissolved in a 3:1 mixture of benzene and chloroform. Pack the chromatography column with a slurry of basic alumina in benzene so that a 1 inch column is six inches long. Drain the solvent to the top of the alumina column and carefully add an aliquot of the LSD-solvent solution containing 50 ml of solvent and 1 g LSD. Run this through the column, following the fastest moving fluorescent band. After it has been collected, strip the remaining material from the column by washing with MeOH. Use the UV light sparingly to prevent excessive damage to the compounds. Evaporate the second fraction in vacuo and set aside for Step II. The fraction containing the pure LSD is concentrated in vacuo and the syrup will crystallise slowly. This material may be converted to the tartrate by tartaric acid and the LSD tartrate conveniently crystallised. MP 190-196 C.


Step II. Use Red light
Dissolve the residue derived from the methanol stripping of the column in a minimum amount of alcohol. Add twice that volume of 4 N alcoholic KOH solution and allow the mixture to stand at room temperature for several hours. Neutralise with dilute HCl, make slightly basic with NH4OH and extract with chloroform or ethylene dichloride as in preparations #1 or #2. Evaporate in vacuo and chromatograph as in the previous step.

Note: Lysergic acid compounds are unstable to heat, light and oxygen. In any form it helps to add ascorbic acid as an anti- oxidant, keeping the container tightly closed, light-tight with aluminum foil, and in a refrigerator.



(***) I am not responsible for any muppet making this shite, or faking a certificate / license on Adope photoshop and getting the ingredients from :-
Sandoz
Industriestrasse 25,
83607 Holzkirchen,
Germany,
Phone +49 (0) 8024 476 0

by wanderley wagon Wed Jan 11, 2006 12:49

It is actually 201 years since the first cultivated strawberry was grown and exhibited in 1805, but in the last fifty years they have taken on "another meaning".

It is uncertain what the world would have been like without what Hofman himself called his - "problem child".

Would we have pop music?
Would we now have such champions of justice as Bono and Geldof?
Would we have MTV?
Would we have had children's TV?
Would we have had BP Fallon?
Would we have had Ken Kesey, Wavey Gravy, Hippies, Diggers, Showbands, or Velvet?
What would our packaging look like?
Would we have seen Velcro invented?
Would Nixon have claimed to put people on the Moon?
Would Ireland be the leading agricultural productor of natural psychotropics?

As it is, Professor Hofman when interviewed is very upset that his discovery was "hijacked" by hippies. Yet & perhaps this is significant, He has never apologised.
Not a word of regret for the uncounted millions of kids who have had bad trips and entered psychosis to never return has crossed his lips.

"As Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect..."